Common Elements of AEDs
There are many different AED models that are manufactured worldwide but the general principles for its uses are basically the same for each, although the interface such as controls, displays and options vary to a slight degree. Usually First Aid Courses teach its participants on the basic elements of an automatic external defibrillator and how to operate it. All AEDs have the following elements in common such as:
• Power on/off mechanism
• Battery operation for portability
• Automatic defibrillation capability
• Voice instruction/display guide instructions for use
• Cable and pads (electrodes)
• Analysis capability and ECG function
How to use AEDs
First Aid Training will significantly help a typical person to have baseline knowledge on how to determine the need to initiate AED to a victim (unresponsive and not breathing). The basic operation of all AED models generally follows the same sequence.
The majority of AEDs can be switched on by pressing the on/off button. Others are automatically powered on by opening the AED case lid. Once the AED is powered, the device will automatically go through with its programmed sequence for a full analysis check and will promptly begin to provide voice or screen prompts for further instructions.
Here is a short YouTube video clip that will explain more about Special Considerations When Using AEDs
It is important that CPR is continuously done before actual defibrillation can be initiated. Before placing the electrodes on the victim’s chest make sure to expose the area and that the skin should be fairly dry so that the pads will adhere to the skin surface. Moisture and excessive hair can interrupt the electrical conduction therefore rescuers should make sure to wipe away excess sweat and if appropriate shave the chest area if excessive hair is present. Most AEDs come with a disposable shave.
Remove the back cover of the electrodes and apply them tightly to the victim’s bare chest according to the instructions. One pad should be positioned just right to the breast bone slightly below the collar bone and over the right nipple. The second one should be placed on the left side of the chest, left of the nipple and above the lower rib demarcation. The cables should be attached to the device and make sure to stand clear for analysis of the heart’s conductivity. At this point it is pertinent that no one should be in contact with the victim until after the shock is delivered.
Finally, confirm that all rescuers should no longer be in contact with the victim. The AED will normally give the indication of the need to deliver a shock, and depending on the device will prompt the rescuer to push a button for the shock to be initiated or will deliver the shock automatically instead. Following the shock, begin CPR immediately and follow the prompts that normally include reanalyzing and reevaluation of the heart’s rhythm. If the shock was successful, the victim will regain signs of life and will show active ECG lines. Continue monitoring and care until emergency medical services arrive.
Special considerations when using AEDs
Rescuers with First Aid Certification are taught to analyse special instances in carefully using AEDs. There are several special situations wherein rescuers should be aware before initiating the use of an AED to a victim. These include the following:
• Water: Since water conducts electricity, it may provide an alternative energy pathway between the AED and the rescuers and bystanders.
• Medication Patches: Because these patches are placed directly over the intended location on where the electrodes should be placed these patches will block the delivery of the energy from the pads to the heart.
• Children: AEDs can deliver huge amounts of energy levels inappropriate for children there may be several options on how to adjust the level of electrical shock and more appropriate size of electrodes for children.
• Implanted Devices: Implanted pacemakers can directly affect the delivery of an electrical impulse of an AED, avoid placing the pads directly over these devises.
Reference:
Alton, T. et al (2012). First Aid, CPR and AED Standard 6th Ed. Jones & Bartlett Learning